Amateur radio draws on many different subjects, which is one reason it’s such a rich and educational hobby. The main subjects used in amateur radio include:

📡 Electronics

Basic electricity (voltage, current, resistance)

Components such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and ICs

Radio transmitters, receivers, and amplifiers

📐 Physics

Radio waves and electromagnetic theory

Frequency, wavelength, and propagation

How signals travel through the atmosphere (ionosphere, line-of-sight)

🧮 Mathematics

Ohm’s Law calculations

Frequency and wavelength formulas

Antenna measurements and tuning

🖥️ Computer Science & IT

Digital modes (FT8, PSK31, APRS, DMR)

Software-defined radio (SDR)

Programming and computer-radio interfacing

🗣️ Communication Skills

Voice, Morse code, and digital communication

Proper operating procedures and etiquette

Clear and concise message handling

🗺️ Geography

World maps, call sign prefixes, and time zones

Distance and direction (great-circle paths)

Understanding how location affects signal paths

🌦️ Meteorology

Weather effects on radio signals

Tropospheric ducting and atmospheric conditions

🧑‍🚒 Emergency & Disaster Communication

Emergency protocols and message handling

Coordination with emergency services

Public service communication

⚖️ Regulations & Ethics

Radio laws and licensing rules

Frequency allocations

Responsible and ethical operating practices

🔧 Engineering & Technical Skills

Antenna construction and installation

Power supplies and grounding

Troubleshooting and maintenance

🧠 Critical Thinking & Problem Solving

Diagnosing interference and signal problems

Improving station performance